first we Have shock tips
Cells need two things to function: oxygen and glucose. This allows the cells to generate energy and do their specific jobs.
Oxygen in the air enters the body through the lungs; where oxygen molecules cross into the smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, and are picked up by red blood cells and attached to hemoglobin molecules. The red blood cells are pushed through the body by the actions of the pumping heart and deliver the oxygen to cells in all the tissues of the body. The hemoglobin then picks up carbon dioxide, the waste product of metabolism, where it is then taken back to the lungs and breathed back into the air, whereby the whole cycle starts again.
Glucose is generated in the body from the foods we eat. It travels in the blood stream as well, and using an insulin molecule that "opens the door," it enters the cell to provide energy for cellular metabolism.
If cells are deprived of oxygen, instead of aerobic (with oxygen) metabolism, the cells use the anaerobic (without oxygen) pathway to produce energy. Unfortunately, lactic acid is formed as the by product of anaerobic metabolism. This acid changes the acid–base balance in the blood and leads to a downward spiral where cells start to leak toxic chemicals into the bloodstream, cause blood vessel walls to become damaged, and this process ultimately leads to the death of the cell. If enough cells die, then organs start to fail, and the body dies.
If you come upon a person in shock, the initial response should be to call 911 and activate the emergency response system.
Lay the person down in a safe place and try to keep them warm and comfortable.
How to treat a Burn
1. First Degree Burns - This is the least serious type of burn and will usually heal on its own within a couple days. First degree burns typically heal completely and rarely result in any form of scarring. This type of burn injures the epidermis (top layer of skin) and usually produces a pink or reddish color on the area of skin which is burnt. Treatment - First degree burns (also known as minor burns) can be treated at home and very rarely require medical assistance. Your best option is to run the burnt area under cool water for approximately 10 minutes to stop the burning. Do not use ice or cold water since they can potentially cause further the damage to the skin. If you are applying a bandage to the wound, make sure it is loose otherwise it will stick to the burn, become painful and possibly cause infection. Vitamins C, E and zinc will help with the healing process, but only in recommended amounts. Aloe Vera is said to have healing properties as well. |
Treatment - Second degree burns require medical assistance and antibiotics are often prescribed to help the healing process. Call for medical help as soon as the burn occurs and make sure not to apply any form of lotion or greasy substance to the wound. These trap in heat and prevent the wound from healing correctly.
3. Third Degree Burns - Third degree burns destroy the dermis and epidermis and often affect other organs, tissues and bones. Third degree burns are considered the most serious of burns and often produce charred patches on the skin which are white, brown or black. There will likely be very little pain for a victim experiencing a third degree burn since the nerves will likely be destroyed and the victim may be in shock.
Treatment - All third degree burns require medical attention and it is crucial to get the victim to the hospital (or an ambulance on scene) immediately. You can assist the victim by removing jewelry and tight clothing from the burnt area before swelling occurs. Do not try and remove clothes if they are stuck to the wound. Never apply ice, cold water, lotions, ointments sprays or any other form of liquid to the wound. Third degree burns often require cosmetic surgery or skin grafting in order to heal.
Learning and understanding the types of burns and their treatment methods can potentially save your own life or the life of someone else.
Next i have head and spinal
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is always a medical emergency as it could lead to chronic painful conditions, permanent paralysis or even death.
SCI occurs when a traumatic event (usually a car, diving or sport accident) results in damage to cells within the spinal cord or severs the nerve tracts that relay signals up and down the spinal cord. The most common types of SCI include contusion (bruising of the spinal cord) and compression (caused by pressure on the spinal cord).
Other types of injuries include lacerations (severing or tearing of some nerve fibers, such as damage caused by a gun shot wound), and central cord syndrome (specific damage to the corticospinal tracts of the neck region of the spinal cord).
The types of disability associated with SCI vary greatly depending on the severity of the injury, the segment of the spinal cord at which the injury occurs, and which nerve fibres are damaged. Usually the higher up in the cervical spine the injury, the greater the damage.
If treated correctly, most people with SCI regain some functions between a week and six months after injury, but the likelihood of spontaneous recovery diminishes after six months. Rehabilitation strategies can minimise long-term disability.
Signs
Even if the person does not have any of these symptoms but you know he has sustained a back, neck or head injury, treat it as a spinal injury. If a head injury was sustained and the person has disturbed level of consciousness, suspect a spinal injury as well.
Get help immediately if:
You suspect a spinal injury. The sooner a person is treated in hospital, the greater the chances for recovery.
Home treatment: